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A Study on Patterns of Dose for Radiation Workers in Korea.
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Soo Yong Choi, Tae Hwan Kim, Cha Kwon Chung, Chul Koo Cho
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1999;21(1):72-80.
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Abstract
This study presents data on the externally received doses for radiation workers who used the Korea Radioisotope Association's personal monitoring and dose record keeping service from 1984. Distributions of annual dose by age of worker and occupational category were given. The number of radiation workers registered was 23,257 in 1997. The trend of the number of radiation workers and their annual doses increased since 1984. The measured radiation dose were generally low. The collective annual dose and the mean annual dose were 33.45 Sv and 1.44 mSv, respectively. Very few workers(0.5%) exceeded 20 mSv(2 rem) and only 1 exceeded 50 mSv, the legal limit for dose.
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Effect of Non-dietary Factors in the Etiology of Stomach Cancer.
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Soo Yong Choi, Hye Sung Park, Hyun Sook Kim, Cha Kwon Chung
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1998;20(1):102-112.
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BACKGROUND
Stomach cancer is the most malignant neoplasm among Koreans. There are some studies on risk factors for cancer prevention.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital in Seoul between April and September in 1996. One hundred twenty-six stomach cancer patients confirmed by the histological diagnosis were compared with 234 control subjects mached by age, sex, and admission date. The questionnaire included information on sociodemographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, height, weight, family history of cancer, nutrient supplements intake etc. Associations of stomach cancer with con-dietary factors were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks when controlling simultaneously for covariates.RESULTS Weight and body mass index(BMI, kg/m2) at diagnosis were significantly low in cases compared with controls. As non-dietary factors, smoking habits, alcoholic beverage, family gistory, physical activity, water supply, stress, vitamin suppliments and the use of functional foods were not associated with stomach cancer risk.CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that non-dietary factors were not associated with stomach cancer risk.
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Effect of Dietary Factors in the Etiology of Stomach Cancer.
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Hye Sung Park, Hyun Sook Kim, Soo Yong Choi, Cha Kwon Chung
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1998;20(1):82-101.
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BACKGROUND
Stomach cancer is the most malignant neoplasm among Koreans. There ane a number of epidemiological studies on dietary factors of stomach cancer in many countries.
However, analytical studies on Korean dietary factors are very scarce.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital in Seoul between April and September in 1996. One hundred twenty-six stomach cancer patients confirmed by the histological diagnosis were compared with 234 control subjects matched by age, sex, and admission date. A food frequency questionnaire asking the consumption frequency of 85 selected food items was used to gather the information from all subjects via a face-to-face interview. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks when controlling simultaneously for covariates.RESULTS An increased risk of stomach cancer was noted among those with low economic status, fast eating rate, high eating out, hot-temperature soup preference, salt preference, cucumber Kimchi intake, use of pickled fish in Kimchi. Intake of garlic, green onion, tofu, mung bean pancake, acorn-starch paste, starch vermicelli with mixed vegetables, total fruits, citrus fruits, cabbage, green peppers, spinach, mushrooms and total meat appeared to be protective. Stomach cancer risk was not associated with intake of rice, dairy product, fishes, condiments, coffee, tea, and the cooking methods. These data suggested that the high intake of salt and smoked or pickled food may be associated with a hig risk of stomach cancer, and this association could be due to a intragastric formation of nitrosamines. The negative association with fruits and some vegetable consumption may be due to the inhibition of nitrosation process.CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that dietary factors contributed to stomach cancer occurrence in Korea, and this may offer clues for further ethnical and prevention research.
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Studies on Risk Factors in Cancers of the Breast, Uterine Cervix and Ovary.
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Soon Wha Moon, Soo Yong Choi, Tae Yong Lee, Young Chae Chung
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1997;19(2):161-179.
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This study presents the comparative pattern of risks for cancers of the breast, uterine cervix and ovary in relation to various risk factors based on the data from a case-control study conducted at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital in Seoul between August in 1996 and March in 1997.
Included in the analysis were 128 women of breast cancer, 169 women of uterine cevical cancer and 45 of ovarian cancer confirmed by the historical diagnosis. Person interviews were conducted in all cases through standard questionnaire.
Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors. In cancers of the uterine cervix and ovary, increasing risks were seen in earlier age at first menarch. Statistically significant associations were found with postmenopausal women in cancers of the breast(OR=2.0) and ovary(OR=8.5). The OR increased with late age at postmenopause in postmenopausal women of uterine cervical cancer(OR=7.0). Increasing number of pregnant and livebirths was associated with a higher risk of uterine cervical cancer(OR=2.7, 2.9). The risk of uterine cervical cancer was decreasing with increasing age at first birth(OR=0.2). Among postmenopausal women, the OR increased with BMI in breast cancer. A positive history of breastfeeding was associated with significantly lower risk of breast cancer(OR=0.4). There were no associations with anthropometric measurements(height, weight, BMI), smoking, alcohol intake, menstrual regularity, age at first marriage, number of marriage and induced abortion, and oral contraceptives in cancers of the breast, uterine cervix and ovary. In cancers of the breast and uterine cervix, decreasing risks were seen in intake of fresh fruits, carrot and cabbage.
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A study on the medical care expenditure of the uterine cervix carcinoma by clinical stage and treatment modality.
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Hyo Ki Min, Doo Chae Jung, Soo Yong Choi, Je Ho Lee, Jae Kyu Lim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(2):160-174.
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The study was conducted covering 724 patients with cervical carcinoma admitted to Korea Cancer Center Hospital from July 1989 to June, 1991 in order to estimate average days and the mdical care expenditures for in-patients on the basis of specifications for medical expenses. The results of the present study were obtained as follows :
1. The clinical stage was significantly low in younger age group and in higher education group.
2. The average length of stay was 41.4 days as a whole. On the type of treatment, the largest average days were 49.9 day for radiotherapy, followed by surgery with 21.8 days and chemotherapy with 20.2 days. On clinical stage, the shortest days were 15.9 days for stage O, followed by stage I with 36.5 days, stage II with 50.4 days, stage IV 53.6 days and stage III with 59.4 days, showing statistically significance with clinical stage.
3. The average medical care expenditure of the total patients was 1,918.2 thousand won and their average daily expenditure was 54.7 thousand won. On the type of treatment, the highest expensive expenditure was 1,507.0 thousand won (daily 70.9 thousand won), followed by radiotherapy with 1,453.5 thousand won (daily 30.3 thousand won) and chemotherapy 1,385.1 thousand won (daily 71.2 thousand won), showing similar expenditure. On clinical stage, the lowest expenditure was stage O with 1,060.0 thousand won(daily 68.2 thousand won), followed by stage II with 1,960.3 thousand won (daily 43.8 thousand won), stage I with 2,190.0 thousand won (daily 67.3 thousand won) and stage III with 2,008.9 thousand won (daily 34.4 thousand won) and stage IV with 2,228.1 thousand won (daily 42.3 thousand won), showing statistically significance with clinical stage.
4. The proportion of average medical care expenditure according to the method of treatment was 29.9% (575.2 thousand won) injection fee, 18.9% (363.3 thousand won) in accommodation fee and 16.3% (313.2 thousand won) in no-benefit fee.
5. Among 1,918.2 thousand won for the average medical care expenditure for parients with cervical carcinoma, the percentage of medical insurance amount for an insurer and medical expenditure paid by patients was 66.9% and 33.1% repestively. On clinical stage, the highest percentage of the medical expenditure paid by patients was 36.6% for patients with stage III, followed by 36.1% for those with stage IV, 34.3% for those with stage II, 31.8% for those with stage I and 27.7% for those with stage O, showing statistically significance with clincial stage.
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Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1,987 pairs.
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Taik Koo Yun, Soo Yong Choi
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(2):138-150.
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Cases consisted of incident patients diagnosed by cytological or histological procedures to have cancers from Feb. 1987 to Dec. 1990 at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital (n=1,987). Controls were selected from the patients admitted to the hospital with diseases other than cancers and matched with the cases one by one on a bases of sex, age (2yrs), and date of admission (within 3 mo.) Ginseng was classified into fresh ginseng, white ginseng, and red ginseng. As a results, the preventive effect against cancer was found in all products except fresh slice, juice and white ginseng tea. There was a gradual decrease in OR according to the duration of ginseng intake from one year after ginseng intake. Ginseng decreased ORs of many types of cancers, except urinary bladder cancer, female thyroid cancer, female breast cancer and uterine cervix cancer. The increased risk of cancers related to smoking decreased with ginseng intake, implying the preventive effect of ginseng against cancer associated environmental factors.
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Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers.
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Soo Yong Choi, Kahyo Hiroaki, Yun Sang Shim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-41.
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No abstract available.
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A case-control study on risk factors in lung cancer
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Soo Yong Choi, Kyoung Hee Lee, Jhin Oh Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1989;11(1):66-80.
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This study is to investigate risk factor in lung cancer due to smoking and other risk factors by a case-control study. Three hundred and seventy five patients with lung cancer and 750 hospital controls were analyzed. The summary of the results are as followings.
1. The ages of the lung cancer patients ranged from 23 to 76 years for male and from 32 to 73 years for female. The mean age for male and female was 55.0 years and 54.3 years. The distribution of the ages for cases and controls was not statistically significant.
2. The distribution of studied groups by marital status, religion, education level, and occupation showed no difference significantly.
3. In this study 286 of the 375 male cases(76.2%) ever smoked regularly, as compared to 65.5% of controls. The estimated relative risk of lung cancer in cigarette smokers was 4.6.
4. The longer the duration of smoking or the greater the total number of cigarettes consumed, the higher the risk; linear trends were highly significant.
5. The earlier life cases began to smoke, and the more frequently and the more deeply they inhaled, the higher were their risks of developing lung cancer, even after adjusting for sex and duration of cigarette use. Linear trends were significant. Cases who reported cessation of smoking has a decreased risk of lung cancer.
6. The risk of lung cancer was higher among nonfilter smokers and mixed smokers than among filter smokers.
7. Amongst lifelong nonsmokers, passive smoking was not associated with any significant increase in risk of lung cancer.
8. There was an increasing risk of lung cancer with duration of residence in urban areas compared to in rural areas.
9. The largest histologic group of male lung cancers was squamous cell carcinoma(60.4%), followed by adenocarcinoma(18.9%). In female, adenocarcinoma was the most frequent(54.7%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma(22.1%) and small cell carcinoma(16.8%).
10. The percentage of lung cancer of squamous cell carcinoma increased with smoking, whereas adenocarcinoma was most common histologic type among nonsmokers.
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Cancer risk factors of Koreans
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Soo Yong Choi
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1988;10(1):30-39.
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A case-control study for risk factors on primary liver cancer
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Soo Yong Choi, Kyung Hee Lee, Taik Koo Yun
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1986;8(2):211-220.
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This study is to investigate risk factors in primary liver cancer due to hepatitis B virus(HBV), smoking, drinking and other risk factors by a case-control study.
Two hundred and three patients with primary liver cancer and 609 hospital controls were analyzed.
The summary of the results are as followings:
1) There were 172(84.7) male cases with a mean age of 50.0 years and the 31(15.3%) female cases had a mean age of 50.7 years.
2) The positive rates of HBsAg for PLC patients, and controls without cancer and with cancer were 70.4%, and 7.1% and 7.9% respectively.
3) Active HBV infection, indicated by positive tests for HBsAg or anti-HBc without anti-HBs was 80.2% in PLC patients and 23.4% in controls(p < 0.001). An estimated relative risk of PLC was 8.9 times of the risk in subject without evidence of active infection.
4) Patients with markers, anti-HBs or anti-HBs and anti-HBc had approximately the same low risk for PLC.(Estimated relative risk:0.8 and 0.7)
5) Three viral markers without HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected 3.0% of PLC patients and in 20.9% of controls.
6) There was a dose-response relationship between PLC and alcohol.
7) There was no significant association between cigarette smoking and PLC negative for HBsAg.
8) There was no significant positive association between PLC, and history of blood transfusion and history of acupuncture.
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